Patent NR. 685.957
(1901)
>From the book:
FREE ENERGY
Revolution of the 21st century
Jeane Manning
Omega-Verlag
ISBN 3-930343-04-0
Even before many generations disappear, our machines
will be run by a force available on every place in the
universe? There is energy in the whole universe?
-
Nikola Tesla
Dr. Nikola Tesla was once counted in the most famous
people on the planet. Today he's disappeared from our
science and schoolbooks. What did he discover, that
resulted him falling into disfavor? - Nexus Magazine
At the end of the 19th century, nobody of the upper
crust of New York was so famous like the inventor
Nikola Tesla. Tesla, the Serb, who immigrated to USA,
often received his guests in his laboratory, where his
friends like Samuel Clemens, better known as Mark
Twain, posed for the first photographs, which were
illuminated by the electron tubes with gas discharge.
They would stand wonder-struck in the middle of the
room where long sparks flew from Tesla's special
high-frequency transformers. Sometimes their host
would stand in the rain of sparks, while a glass tube
shone in his hand, without being connected to any
wires. Tesla's creativity and intellect also attracted
other stars of the cultural scene in the hotel dining
rooms as well as in the private saloons, and the
writer Rudyard Kipling, the architect Stanford White,
the pianist Ignace Paderewski and the writer John Muir
were among them. Tesla was a man of contradictions,
self-controlled and distant, but charming. Although he
was a loner, he knew how to attract people to him.
Slim and tall, always perfectly dressed, he attracted
attention with his aristocratic attitude and his
elegance. His most noticeable feature was his magnetic
captivating force ? the combination of a good-looking
darker type, with intensive blue eyes and the
mysterious aura. It seemed that the world would fall
on its knees in front of him.
When Nikola Tesla passed away in 1943 in the age of
86, his inventions and theories were mostly forgotten
or looked at with distrust. His plan To Whom It May
Concern: supply the world with the free energy was put
ad acta. Many of the later innovators in the field of
energy, who admired Tesla, were confronted with the
same problems like the financial shortage or the
predominant opposition, which led to his downfall.
TESLA'S CONFLICT WITH EDISON
Thomas Edison met Tesla for the first time in 1884. At
that time Edison was already a wealthy, powerful man,
and Tesla had merely moved to USA with a little more
than $20 in his pocket, and a recommendation letter
from his superior in the company Continental Edison in
Paris, where Tesla worked a few years earlier. Charles
Batchelor wrote to Edison: ?I know two great men. You
are one of them, the other is this young man?.
Edison hired Tesla as his assistant. At first, Tesla
admired Edison?s achievements based on trial and error
and only with elementary school. Reversely, Tesla
gained Edison?s unwilling respect by working eighteen
hours a day, seven days a week, and by solving
difficult technical problems.
But Edison lost his diligent assistant very soon.
Tesla described him the way to improve the effect of
Edison?s generator, and Edison answered him: If you
do that, I'll give you fifty thousand dollars?. But,
when after a few months of work Tesla actually did it,
and when he asked for his money, Edison's statement
shocked him: Tesla, you don't understand our American
sense of humor?. And since Edison didn?t pay, Tesla left him.
Three years later, after he'd worked as a
construction worker for some time on one of the
streets of New York to earn for survival, Tesla?s life
headed for the better. He got an opportunity to
develop a new system of alternating current, for which
he designed a motor, a generator, and a transformer,
and he took out a patent. And industrial and inventor
George Westinghouse from Pittsburgh bought all Tesla?s
patents for that system and signed a contract with
which he obliged to pay an amount in cash and shares,
plus compensation for three licenses of $2.50 by the
produced horsepower.
Edison fought against the development of the
alternating current. His lamps were powered by the
direct current. In that process, the electrons flew in
only one direction. Direct current can be sent through
power lines on a distance of only few kilometers.
Unlike that, Tesla?s alternating current, which
vibrates in a regular rhythm back and forth, can be
easily transported for hundreds of kilometers through
the high-voltage power lines. When it gets to its
receiver, the transformers reduce the voltage for the
final user.
Edison didn't even want to hear for the advantage of
the alternating current. He invested a lot of money in
the system of the direct current and he considered the
alternating current a threat to his work.
During this electricity war, in his strategy he
included a public dog killing with the electric shock,
and the publishing of the intimidating pamphlets, all
in the effort to represent the alternating current as
a deadly danger.
But, despite Edison's attacks, Tesla and Westinghouse
won the victory. For the illumination of the world
exposition in Chicago in 1893, Westinghouse installed
an alternating current system. Tesla was the star of
the exposition. In white tails with the white tie, and
with shoes, with the isolating cork soles he stood on
the stage with one of his Tesla coils? a device,
which produces powerful electricity. The electric
sparks flew and shimmered and made the lamps in
Tesla's hands shine. The spectacle thrilled the mob,
and the success of the exposition brought to the
construction of the project of Niagara Falls
hydroelectric power plant. In the end, Tesla's
electricity grid delivered enormous amounts of
electric energy across the continent.
Since the contract with Westinghouse was securing
Tesla $2.50 per horsepower, Tesla should in fact have
been receiving a nice income for the rest of his life.
But, George Westinghouse suffered financial
difficulties, since his rivals tried to put him out of
the electricity business. And Tesla remembered that
Westinghouse believed in him when nobody else did. So,
although Tesla surely had nothing against a monetary
property, it was more important to him that the
Westinghouse firm survives. Because of that he tore
the agreement, accepted severance pay, and gave up of
millions of expected dollars, which were insured for
him by the horsepower agreement.
GREED FOR PROFIT ?
THE MAIN REASON FOR SUPPRESSING THE FREE ENERGY
While Tesla to re the lucrative agreement to help a
friend, other people from his time just ran around to
gather as much money as possible. Tycoons knew how to
gain their fortunes with the energy supplying
companies. These people wanted to supply the whole
earth with power-transmission lines and transformers.
In the end the companies for production of the
electric energy congested the rivers and encouraged
people to ?a better life with the electric energy?. On
the other side, Tesla wanted to build the energetic
system, which was supposed to carry the electricity
over the whole world without any costs. His proposed
system was not the system of the ?free energy? in
today?s sense ? energy from an inexhaustible source ?
but in the sense that it was supposed to carry the
electricity to the customers for free. Unlike the
electricity war, Tesla could not win this war.
TESLA'S PLANS FOR THE FREE ENERGY
Energy for everyone who sticks a certain receiver into
the ground? Yes, Tesla's plan was to transmit news as
well as the energy wirelessly. Today we know this
first case as the radio. That plan was radical enough
to incite the Wall Street to slam their door in his
face in the end. In these days, the electricity
tycoons almost swam in their money; nobody wanted to
wake up the wind of change. Financial magnates like
the banker J. Pierpont Morgan had already bought the
copper mines. Not many internal information were
necessary to draw a conclusion that the power
transmission lines will cover the biggest part of the
earth with the copper cable grids.
As if he had become deaf to the planes of the
tycoons, Tesla continued encouraging the astounding
new idea ? transmission of the free electricity
through the whole world. In 1893, the same year he
blinded the society with the illumination of the world
exhibition, Tesla talked about the earth?s resonance
in the respectable Franklin- Institute in
Philadelphia. The earth?s resonance was a part of his
vision about the wireless electricity transmission. He
talked about how electric impulses are transmitted
with the suitable frequency, in other words, with the
speed of the vibrations through the ground to produce
the energy waves, just like when the piano string
vibrating when that same tone, to which the string is
adjusted, is produced on some other instrument in that
room. Some Tesla, researchers, also believe that he
could induce the air between the upper atmosphere and
the ground to step into the resonance just like the
air does in a sonorous body of a violin. That would
send the energy waves too. Then this energy should be
caught with the antenna.
That kind of resonance would mean the fulfillment of
Tesla?s dreams he expressed during his lecture in
1897, where he spoke of electricity transfer from
station to station with no use of wires. In his
vision, he saw the approaching of the day, when that
kind of system would speed up the news transfer, when
it would control the time and transfer the limitless
energy.
His glory and his series of connected lectures on the
international level, would turn the common person away
from at all thinking about these things, but ? Tesla
was not common. His ideas and inventions were his
passion, and in the next few years he asked for and
got patents for the procedure for a seemingly utopian
wireless transfer of energy and news, even at the cost
to, by doing that, make his own prior inventions
redundant.
TESLA'S WIRELESS ENERGIES
In 1899, Tesla went to the Colorado Springs Mountains
to test his new ideas. He built a laboratory with the
high voltage on a high pasture. That was a simple
building, which was built around Tesla's biggest coil
in the world and from which an unusual mast protruded.
There in the foot of Pikes Peak he worked on his new
goal to send electromagnetic vibrations through the
ground.
It is not known what exactly Tesla achieved during
his stay in the mountains. He occasionally made skimpy
notes, but he still saved a bunch of information about
the principles of the functioning of such a device
only in his head. Today his designs have to be
translated into the present-day electro-technical
concepts. But, legends about Tesla rise out of the
facts from his experiments in Colorado Springs. Just
like a Lightning God, he set his powerful coil of 16
meters in diameter to achieve the discharge of 12
million volts and to produce over 30 meters long
lightning from the copper ball on top of his mast.
Local population kept at the distance since the rumors
spread that a famous inventor can create lightning
which can kill a hundred people with just one hit.
During the experiments, the rumble of electronic
discharge could be heard at the distance of at least
25 kilometers.
Satisfied that he knows enough now to turn his vision
of wireless transmission into deeds, in January 1900
Tesla came back to New York. He hired an architect,
who made him a design of a 47 meters high wooden
tower, which stood above a brick building on Long
Island. With a copper mushroom-like electrode on top,
the tower was supposed to serve as a giant
transmitter. Tesla called that project Wardenclyffe,
and imagined a station that was supposed to emit
energy as well as news over more channels in all radio
wavelengths. The tower and the square building with
the lateral length of 30 meters, in which an
engine-room and a laboratory were supposed to be
situated, were almost finished in 1902. But,
Wardenclyffe was never completely finished.
THE LIGHTNING LORD IS DEFEATED
Tesla?s vision of a wireless transmission convinced
the financial magnates like Morgan that much, that
they financed his research, but they didn?t realize
that his intention in fact was to give the electricity
to people everywhere for free. That part of his
conceptions Tesla left out when in 1900 he talked to
Morgan, his main financier, about the financing of
Wardenclyffe. Instead, he mentioned possibilities
Morgan would surely like, the monopolistic controlling
of all radio stations. But, Morgan gave Tesla limited
means to disposal. Three years later, during a
desperate attempt to get more money, the inventor
revealed his real intentions to the banker. We will
probably never know how Morgan reacted to that news.
In any case, that financial magnate invested into the
industrial branches connected with the energy
production, and he surely wasn?t known for his
generosity. He left Tesla to fail.
The business progressed only sporadically, while
Tesla was desperately trying to find other financiers
and to develop some commercial products with which he
could pay his bills. The construction works were
finally ended in 1906, and eleven years later, after
Tesla has lost his mortgage on the Wardeclyffe, the
tower was pulled down because of its value as waste.
A REAL FREE ENERGY GENERATOR?
There are indications that Tesla was also interested
in the free energy in the modern sense of the word ?
for the energy from and inexhaustible source which
transforms into a useful form. In June 1902 an article
was published in New York Times about a man from the
Canary Islands called Clemente Figueras who claimed
that he invented the electric generator which didn?t
need the primary power, i.e. it didn?t need an outer
energy source. One day, after that article had already
been published, Tesla wrote to his friend Robert
Johnson, the editor of the Century-Magazine, that he
himself had already invented such a device. And in
1934 Tesla was cited in Times with the words: ?I hope
I?ll live long enough to be able to put a device in
the middle of this room and start it? with the energy
from the media moving around us?.
Which of his many inventions did Tesla mean? Oliver
Nichelson, a scientist and a historian from Utah
studied that question in detail. He says that a
device, which obviously fits in Tesla?s descriptions,
is the device for using the radiating energy, for
which the patent was granted. Nichelson?s research
indicates that Tesla was probably already then working
on his ?free energy? generator, before he elaborated a
bigger article for publishing in the magazine Century
from June 1900, and where he describes the wireless
energy transfer. He writes that the device with which
the energy is taken directly from the Sun isn?t
efficient and therefore it?s not the best solution.
Some researchers interpreted it in the way that, from
his experience with the Wardenclyffe Tesla realized
that the free market would always be closed for a
?free energy? device, such as his radiating energy
device, and that the tycoons would only finance the
wireless system which also promises profit. But, the
article in Century still concentrates on the device,
which wouldn?t only be capable of keeping itself in
operation, but it would also absorb the energy from
the surrounding air to illuminate cities. As the ?most
probably candidate? for energy absorption from the
cosmos, Nichelson identified Tesla?s unusual coil for
electromagnets, for which Tesla was granted a patent
number 512.340. in 1894. Nichelson explained that the
shape of the coil would make possible to that system
to deposit enormous amounts of energy, while only a
little part of that energy would be needed for
maintaining its own functioning. He compared that with
a car with a very big tank, which spends only 2 liters
per hundred kilometers.
TESLA'S DOWNFALL AND RISE
WHEN Tesla passed away, his great achievements from
the last decade of the 19th century were mostly
forgotten, and people mostly remembered his private
eccentricity, like his extreme germ phobia or his
predilection to give an unusual attention to a gentle
dove and to observe a reflection of life, full of
hidden mystical desires, in its eyes.
Was Tesla?s expulsion from the historical books
staged by those who felt threatened by his dreams of
the free energy? Some believe it was. College students
get the impression that he invented the Tesla coil,
that one unit of measure was named after him, and
that?s all. Tesla?s name is not familiar to the wider
public.
If the tycoons really tried to erase the memory of
Tesla's genius in public, then that strategy didn?t
completely succeed. Today almost every bigger
bookstore has also Tesla?s biography on its shelves.
And since the end of the sixties the interest of the
inventors for Tesla was renewed. The technical
information about his theories and inventions are
distributed by the fax or the computer way of
transferring the data, and many today?s inventors
consider Tesla the father of the modern Movement of
the new energy. They too feel the difficulties now,
which he had to put up with because of his superior
opponent.
TESLA LEFT IN THE LURCH
I believe that the saga of Tesla's dizzying financial
problems spins around his monument for the transfer of
the free available energy ? around Wardenclyffe. In
her classic biography Nikola Tesla - the inventor,
the magician, the prophet, Margaret Cheney writes
about the different reasons, which contributed to
Tesla?s loss of luck. She says that before his
downfall, Tesla told his associate that J. P. Morgan
once gave him an unsigned blank check and told him to
enter the amount he needed. After Tesla?s downfall,
that banker allegedly didn?t answer to any of Tesla?s
letters, and other financiers on Wall Street also
turned their backs to this inventor, to the rest of
his life. Maybe he was considered a dangerous dreamer
? one of the comments he wrote in one of the letters,
with which he asked one of his associates for
financial help, read: ?My enemies very successfully
presented me as a poet and a visionary?.
Other authors provided different explanations for
Tesla?s downfall. A science historian Stephen S. Hall
presumes that Tesla?s downfall could have been a
counter-coup from the academic community. Tesla didn?t
accept their game: he showed no interest of delivering
any kind of article to any academic publication. Hall
also thinks that Tesla?s talent, with which he
gathered people around himself, his public
exhibitions, along with the world exhibition 1893,
maybe stirred the envy of his colleges. Other two
historians of the new energy, Oliver Nichelson and
Christopher Bird, think that Tesla was a big riddle to
his contemporaries: ?His conceptions were so advanced
that the science and industry of his age weren?t able
to comprehend their essence and dimensions?.
TESLA'S MEDIATORS
VERSUS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE
WHILE SOME OF TODAY?S Tesla?s followers continue doing
research about him, others try to make sure that the
next generations don?t forget him. John Wagner, a
teacher from Dexter, Michigan, takes care that the
official history doesn?t remember only Tesla?s
confusion, which was coming to the open more and more
clearly, the older the inventor was. Until his
retirement in 1993, Wagner lectured for 10 years about
all what Tesla accomplished at his peak, instead of
concentrating on the last years of that man. Wagner
wanted that his classes in the third school year find
out about the entire history, including the fact that
Smithsonian Institute, the national museum in the USA
in Washington, didn?t show the permanent Tesla
exhibition.
His students have seen a double injustice not just in
the fact that Smithsonian Institute didn't show the
Tesla exhibition, but also because in the framework of
the big permanent Thomas Edison exhibition, they
showed a multi-stage generator, which was in fact one
of Tesla's inventions. Tesla's patent number is on
it, but the public gets the impression that Edison is
its creator.? The mutiny of these kids lead up to the
campaign "Bust the Smithsonian". - The words Bust the
Smithsonian were written on the shirts sold by
Wagner?s students. But when they offered to donate one
Tesla?s bust to the Smithsonian Institute, Barnex S.
Finn, head of the electronic department in the museum,
refused to accept the present, with the words: We
can't use it?. In 1979, Finn and his headquarters
wrote a book under the title: Edison ? Lighting a
Revolution. In one, seventeen pages long chapter, with
the title Beginning of the Electronic Age it is
written that they'll mention all the people who were
important for the beginning, even the technicians who
were employed by Edison. But, there is not a word
about Tesla in it.
Wagner's students got and unexpected ally in the rock
band Tesla, whose members could be seen on MTV waving
around with the leaves of Tesla's patent receipts. The
teacher wrote a letter to that band, explaining the
students? goal. That letter brought the Californian
rock band to Michigan in 1989, and twenty-eight
excited girls and boys crammed into the tour bus of
that band, because of the field trip to the Michigan
University in Ann Arbor. In the university engineering
and science library, the kids showed to the musicians
the bust of Nikola Tesla as a proud young man, which
was built thanks to the money that class gathered the
year before. The band agreed that that work of art
should be cast in bronze and offered to help the kids
in their efforts to put the statue in the Smithsonian
Institute.
EDISON, AND NOT TESLA, IS CELEBRATED
Was it in a certain moment of time in this century
decided that Tesla is not only financially boycotted,
but also deleted from the historical documents of the
United States of America, and that Edison is declared
the official father of age of the electric power? I
don't want to harm Edison, who was extremely
productive and who achieved magnificent things for the
age of the electric power, by taking away the
reputation that belongs to him.
But, I still believe that the huge difference In
treating Edison and Tesla shows only one part of the
bigger picture, which shows that one group tries to
manipulate the public opinion because of its
selfishness.
After the big actions in the area of public
relations, the descendants raised Edison to the
throne. In 1929 more than fifty members of the
military and industrial elite, among which were also
John D. Rockefeller Jr., Julius Rosenwald, Henry Ford,
Harvey S. Firestone, Herbert Hoover and general John
H. Pershing, founded a committee for celebrating the
hundredth anniversary of light, to celebrate something
what was then called ?expression of gratitude to
Thomas Alva Edison from the whole world on the
occasion of fiftieth anniversary of the invention of
his light bulb?
As a part of that celebration, a popular song writer
George M. Cohan wrote a song: Thomas A. Edison: the
Wizard, with these verses: Oh, say, you can watch
with the light he gave to you and me. / What a man,
what a great old wizard?. The committee sent the
letter with Cohan's song to the prefects and
educators, and in it read that the song is ?the
dedication to the greatest living American? and you?ll
contribute to that dedication if you sing it in every
suitable occasion?.
The feelings of the public would maybe go in the
other direction if the citizens were told that Nikola
Tesla wanted to enable the free access to the electric
energy. But, unlike the praise Edison got from the
committee on the occasion of celebrating of the
hundredth anniversary of light, Tesla was never
celebrated by that kind of people. And while some
referential literary works concentrate on his work,
other turn their attention to his peculiarities. For
example, the biographic encyclopedia of Isaac Asimov?
Biographic Encyclopedia of Science and Technology ?
covers 25 years of his life with the sentence: The
last quarter of his (Tesla's) life was degenerated
with the intensive eccentricity?. (To what one of
today's inventors said: ?We should all be that
intense?.)
I believe that Edison wasn?t the only inventor who
got the glory on Tesla?s expense. Why do, for example,
the textbooks ignore the decision of the USA Supreme
Court against Guglielmo Marconi to Tesla?s benefit?
In 1901 when Marconi sent his famous radio signal
across the Atlantic Ocean, Tesla said: ?He can go on.
He?s using seventeen of my patents?. In 1943, after
Tesla?s death, the Supreme Court rectified the
mistake, by explaining that Tesla was one of three
inventors on the turn of the century, who patented the
radio transmitter circuits before Marconi, but Marconi
is still presented as the father of the radio in the
textbooks and other historical studies. A short
publication of the Smithsonian Institute ? Book of
Inventions ? contains a chapter about the radio.
Despite the decision of the Supreme Court, nobody pays
tribute to Tesla's work.
THE REDISCOVERY OF TESLA
The legend of Nikola Tesla lives on, although the
textbooks have overlooked him. A hundred years after
his age of glory, appear many books about the new
energy from the different viewpoints of his research,
and the increasing number of young inventors and
researchers in the whole world are going through his
patents documents looking for important evidence.
Tesla?s followers have organized themselves into
different groups. The biggest is International Tesla
Society, with the center in Colorado Springs,
Colorado, which sells books and videotapes, and runs
Tesla-Museum. That group has more than 7000 members.
Tesla also gave the encouragement to the series of
newspapers and magazines (For additional information
look at the literature index).
The Russians have shown a great interest for Tesla's
work. However, that research was mostly conducted in
the conditions of the cold war. That is why there are
only few published works about that.
It is reported that, for example, a world-class Nobel
Prize-winner, Peter Kapitsa, spent his last years
intensively researching Tesla?s records. According to
Margaret Cheney, Kapitsa wanted to write a supplement
to Tesla?s studies of the loptaste munje, about one
part of his experiments for wireless energy transfer.
At the beginning of the seventies, the scientists from
the ex-Soviet Union rushed to the Nikola Tesla museum
in Belgrade, to research Tesla?s notes and devices.
While he was visiting the museum in 1975, the
researcher of the new energy, Dr. Andrew Michrovski
from Otava, found out about the extensive research of
the USSR Science Academy. A museum manager, Professor
Aleksandar Marinèiæ, showed Michrovski a fat
book with
small letters. You see, what you've found. That was
just a temporary report?, said Marinèiæ. Michrovski
believes that based on their Tesla research, the
Soviets could run experiments with very futuristic
techniques.
A Russian physicist A. V, Chernetskij unintentionally
had also one of Tesla?s accidents, where in 1899 a
generator of Colorado Springs hydro-electric power
plant had blown. In 1971, Chernetskij, together with
his college, ran an experiment where they made a large
loptasta munja, from which the sparks flew. The
electric energy shock, which went through the power
lines of the Aviation Institute in Moscow in that
moment, had too big a charge and it destroyed the
electric substation. That happened in the attempt to
construct a device, according to Tesla?s concept,
which produces more energy, than it spends.
Even today, there is an interest in Tesla?s concept
of the wireless electricity transfer. It is the
subject of discussion on the conferences for the new
energy, and different groups like Institute for New
Energy with the center in Salt Lake City, Utah,
continue with the research.
Other researchers are interested in Tesla?s studies
of the Earth resonance. Tesla?s successors observe
with awe his tests with strong electromagnetic waves,
which surround the Earth and should be growing
stronger during the tests. The leading experimenter
Ron Kovaè from Colorado discovered that Tesla?s
equipment could in fact produce very strong waves for
the Earth?s resonance, but he says that today?s
experiments are just beginning to understand Tesla?s
work.
Another Tesla?s invention, which today's researchers
continue eagerly developing, is his turbine without
scoops. Turbines moved by the power from air, water,
or steam, are usual components of the conventional
systems for producing the electric energy. However,
Tesla?s turbine is more efficient, simpler, and
stronger. It can get additional energy from the unused
warmth of the standard turbine or from other kinds of
unused energies, which e.g. appear in oil or gas
refineries.
The researcher Jeff Hayes indicates that the car
salesmen could use the turbine without scoops as a
replacement for thousand movable parts in a piston
engine, with which the motor life span would be
doubled. Jeff Hayes, the founder of the Association of
the constructors of Tesla's motors in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, say that Tesla?s motor, with the energy
that would be saved in the process of making the car,
would also triple the fuel exploiting. He explains how
a turbine fits in the concept of the super efficient
electric car: as Tesla's turbine without scoops, which
runs Tesla's high-frequency device for producing the
alternating current, which then runs the
electro-motor.
Hayes says that, when there would not be any
political resistance to the marketability of that kind
of system, that technology could be developed ?almost
on the spot?. Still, he thinks that the government
can't support the machine, which destroys the gas
consumption, since one part of the state?s income
comes from the gas tax. Tesla's turbine can also
produce electric power when it is linked to the
generator facilities.